SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DX193939 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Al-Salamah, Abdullah Hamad

Durham e-Theses

OpenGrey Repository

English

01 I I 1938 1943 1948 1953 1958 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 Years 10Table 2.1 Saudi oil revenue 1938-1993 (millions of dollars at current prices) Year Total amount Year Total amount 1938 0.1

116Items adapted from the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) were employed in measuring

192.4.1 The First Development Plan (19 70-1975)

2.4.4 The Fourth Development Plan (1985-1990) The

242Au, A. and Al-Shakis, M. (1985) 'Management Value Systems for Working in Saudi Arabia: An Empirical investigation'. Group and Organisation Studies, vol. 10, pp. 135-5 1.

243Caves, R. E. (1982) Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis. Cambridge: University of Cambridge.

244El Mallakh, R. and El Mallakh, D. H. (eds.) (1982) Saudi Arabia. Energy, Developmental Planning, and industrialisation. Lexington, Mass.: Heath & Co.

245Helal, A. M (1984) 'The Role of MNCs on Transfer of Technology to the Host Country'. Conference of Technology and Development, Vol. 2, Riyadh: Ministry of Planning.

246Krasner, D. (1991) 'Multinational Corporation'. International Political Economy, ed. Frieden, J. A. and Lake, D. A. London: St. Martin's Press.

247The Middle East (1993c) 'Oil: Bigger Share of a Smaller Market', no. 223, pp. 33-5.

248Quarterly Economic Review (1968-1993). London: The Economist Intelligence Unit.

249Saudi Arabia Monetary Agency (1980-90) Statistical Summaries. Riyadh: SAMA [in Arabic].

250Walker, J. (1992) Human Resource Strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill.

3. The government's share of the labour force could be more than is required. This could be due to the government policy of reducing the level of unemployment among its citizens. The government invested

3.6 New financial

45By the end of 1991, SABIC had eight subsidiaries dealing with marketing and production of various petrochemical and iron products, and

5. Finally, and more importantly, SABIC official depth

5.4 Employment and the private sector The

5.8 Other Saudisation prob'ems There is no clear policy

53The Economist in March 1985 explained how the European companies have

6.9 Statistical techniques Data preparation using the data obtained in the questionnaire was completed in January

7Chapter Two Saudi Economic Planning and Development2.1 The Saudi economy before 1937 Before King Abdul-Aziz bin Abdullrahman Al-Saud's unification of Saudi Arabia in 1932 there was no economic integration or economic

8 Please define their repatriation percentages in relation to their profits during the period of the study (1985-9 1).

9.1.1 92.2 The Saudi economy after 1937 Between 1932 (the date of unification) and 1960 Saudi Arabia received a measure of foreign aid.

A high degree of satisfaction could also be explained by the Saudi government's

Abdel-Flalim, A. A. and Al-Tuhaih, S. M. (1989) 'In Search of a New Form of Management: The Case of the Joint Sector in Kuwait'.

Aburdene, 0. (1978) 'The Impact of Inflation and Currency Fluctuations on OPEC's Dollar Assets During the Period 1974-78'. Supplement to Middle East Economic Survey, no. 6, 27 November, vol. xxii.

Addleton, J. (1991) 'The Impact of the Gulf War on Migration and Remittances in Asia and the Middle East'. international Migration, vol. 29, pp. 509-26.

After visiting

Akhdar, F.M. (ed. El Mallakh, R.) (1982) industrialisation Policy. Lexington, Mass.: Heath & Co.

Al-Awaji, I, M. (1971) 'Bureaucracy and Society in Saudi Arabia'. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

Al-Babtein, A. (1986) 'Saudi Arabia and United States Multinationals: A Partnership in Economic Development. Unpublished MA thesis. Denton, Texas: Texas State University.

Al-Dakhail, N. and Al-Omi, A. (1993) 'The Role and the View of General Organisation of General Organisations for Technical Education and Vocational Training'. Institute of Public Administration [in Arabic].

Al-Farsy, F. A. (1982) Saudi Arabian Industrial Development: Aspirations and Realities. In El Mallakh and El Mallakh (1982), op. cit., pp. 21-6.

Al-Gaith and Al-Mashouk (1993) 'National Labour Force in the Saudi Private Sector: Concept, Objectives, Reality, Obstacles and Proposed Solutions'. Institute of Public Administration [in Arabic].

Al-Jafary, A. and Hollingsworth, A. 'An Exploratory Study of Managerial Practices in the Arabian Gulf Region'. Journal of international Business Studies, Autumn 1983, pp. 143-52.

Al-Kathiri, S. (1989) 'Workforce Transition in Saudi Arabia: From Expatriates to Saudization and Privatisation'. Unpublished MA thesis. Springfield, Illinois: Sangmon State University.

Al-Meer, A. R. A. (1989) 'Organizational Commitment: A Comparison of Westerners, Asians, and Saudis'. in Au, A. (1989b), op. cit., pp. 74-84.

Al-Nofaie, A. S. (1993) 'Replacement of Foreign Employment by National Employment in the Private Sector: the Role and Perspective of the Council of Labour Power &quot;The General Secretary&quot;'. institute of Public Administration [in Arabic].

Al-Odaily, N. M. (1981) 'Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study of Ways and Statues of the Government's Departments' Employees in Riyadh City. Unpublished MA thesis. Arkita, California: State University of California.

Al-Rajhi Banking and investment Corporation (1993) 'The Growth and Development of National Employment in Al-Rajhi Banking and investment Corporation'. institute of Public Administration [in Arabic].

Al-Riyadh House (1993) 'The Attempt of Al-Riyadh House to hire National Employment', institute of Public Administration [in Arabic].

Al-Salem, A. M. (1987) 'Economic Viability of Saudi Arabian Petrochemical industry: Methanol as a Case Study'. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. California: University of Riverside.

Al-Taib, A. A. (1993) 'The Role of Public Administration in Preparing the National Employment for the Private Sector'. Institute of Public Administration [in Arabic].

Ali, A. (1992) 'Value Systems as Predictors of Managerial Decision Styles of Arab Executives'. International Journal of Manpower, vol. 13, pp. 19-26.

Alreck, P. L. and Settle, R. B. (1985) The Survey Research Handbook. Homewood, Illinois: Irwin.

An important point is that by 'the private sector' Al-Odaily could mean Large companies such as SAB1C and ARAMCO which are mostly owned

ARAMCO (1993) 'The Attempt of the Arab American Oil Corporation (ARAMCO) to Hire National Employment in the Private Sector. institute of Public Administration [in Arabic].

Armstrong, M. (1992) Human Resource Management: Strategy and Action. London: Kogan.

As regards the Western workers, 100 per cent of them

As Table 7.2 shows, the Japanese are not the only foreign

At-Twaijri, M. (1989) 'A Cross-cultural Comparison of American-Saudi Managerial Values in US-Related Firms in Saudi Arabia: An Empirical investigation', in Au, A. (1989b), op. cii., pp. 58-73.

Atiyyah, H. 5. (1989) 'Determinants of Computer System Effectiveness in Saudi Arabian Public Organizations'. in Au, A. (1989b), op. cit., pp. 85-103.

Au, A. (1987) 'Value Systems as Predictors of Work Satisfactions of Arab Executives'. International Journal of Manpower, vol. 8, part 2, pp. 3-6.

Au, A. (1989a) 'Decision Style and Work Satisfaction of Arab Gulf Executives: a Cross-national Study'. in Ali (1989b), op. cii., pp. 22-3 7.

Au, A. (ed.) (1989b) Management and its Environment in the Arab Gulf States (International Studies of Management and Organisation, vol. 19/2, Summer).

Au, A. and Paul, S. (1985) 'Managerial Decision Styles and Work Satisfaction in Saudi Arabia'. Management Decision, vol. 23, pp. 33-42.

Bailey, K. D. (1987) Methods of Social Research. London: Collier Macmillan.

Bartels, R. (1982) 'National Culture - Business Relations: United States and Japan Contrasted'. Management International Review, vol. 22, pp. 6-8.

Bentley, T. (1991) The Business of Training: Achieving Success in Changing World Markets. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill.

Birks and Sinclair's study depended on data collected before 1974, which relates to the generation who are the parents of the present youth of Saudi Arabia.

Birks, J. and Sinclair, A. (1980) Arab Manpower. London: Croom Helm.

Block, P. M. (1987) 'Saudi Petrochemicals: Trying for a Smooth Entry. Chemical Week. vol. 141, part 24, pp. 30-6.

Both the east and west coasts of Saudi Arabia have extremely hot weather and humidity. This can create an uncomfortable environment

Brean, D. J. (1979) 'Multinational Firms: Transfer Pricing and the Tax Policy of Less Developed Countries'. Malayan Economic Review, vol. 24, part 2, pp. 34-45.

Brewster, C. and Tyson, S. (ed.) (1992) International Comparisons in Human Resource Management. London: Pitman.

Britton, J. N. H. and Gilmour, J. N. (1978) The Weakest Link. Ottawa: Science Council of Canada.

Bryman, A. and Cramer, D. (1990) Quantitative Data Analysis for Social Scientists. London: Routledge.

Buller, P. P., Cragun, J. R. and McEvoy, G. M. (1991) 'Getting the Most out of Outdoor Training. Training and Development Journal (USA) vol. 45, part 3, pp. 58-61.

but fewer of them compared to other groups, except in 1991, when 34.9 per cent of Saudi employees received pay increases. It is too early to claim that there is pay discrimination against local employees although there were

Cantwell, R. (1986) 'Training Expatriate and Local Nationals in the Middle East'. Workforce Management in the Arabian Peninsula.

Caves, R. E. (ed. Frieden, J. A. and Lake, D. A.) (1991) The Multinational Enterprise as an Economic Organisation. London: St. Martin's Press.

Chackerian, R. and Shadukhi, S. M. (1983) 'Public Bureaucracy in Saudi Arabia: An Empirical Assessment of Work Group Behaviour'. International Review of Administrative Science, vol. 49, pp. 3 19-22.

Chaudhry, K. A. (1989) 'The Price of Wealth: Business and State in Labor Remittance and Oil Economies'. International Organizations, vol. 43, pp. 101-45.

Child, J. M. (1982) 'Theoretical Perspectives in Cross-national Organisation Research'. International Studies of Management and Organisation, Winter.

Choudhry, N. K. and Datta, A. K. (1986) 'Changing Perspectives from India'. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, vol. 6, part 1, pp. 77-85.

Cohen, L. and Manion, L. (1980) Research Methods in Education. Kent: Croom Helm.

Colman, D. and Nixson, F. (1978) Economics of Change in Less Developed Countries. Oxford: Philip Allan.

Combining column's 4, 5 and 6 together, Table 8.4 shows that 159 (93%) Saudi

common features among SABIC

Council of Chamber of Commerce (1993) 'Orientation and Capabilities of Private Sector in Training and Preparing National Labour Force'. Institute of Public Administration [in Arabic].

Cumulative loans disbursed by the SIDF from the date of its creation to the end of 1991 exceed SRI3.9 billion, of which 16.6. per cent (SR2,323.2 million) was directed to the chemical materials sector, 11 per

Deutsche Entwickbung Gesellschaft 7 Would you please define their net profits during the period of the study (1985-9 1).

Dicken, P. (1988) Global Shift. London: Chapman.

Easterby, M. (1991) Management Research. London: SAGA.

EFFECTS ON TRADE AND THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS Interviews Conducted with Officials from SABIC How much revenue was generated for the local economy during 1985-91? 2

El-Ayouty, Y. and Flint, D. (1982) 'Move Over'. Forbes, part 12, pp. 8 1-90.

Elmuti, D. (1989) 'Quality Control Circles in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study'. Production and Inventory Management Journal, vol. 3, pp. 52-5.

employees

Evans, K. M. (1978) Planning Small Scale Research. Berks: NFER Publishing.

Feldman, D. C. and Thomas, D. C. (1992) 'Career Management issues Facing Expatriates'. Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 23, PP. 271-93.

Ferber, R. and Verdoorn, P. (1962) Research Methods in Economics and Business. New York: Macmillan.

Field, P. (1979) 'Saudi industry: They Have the Gas But What Else? Euromoney, April, pp. 93-9.

Figure 2.1 Total amount of Saudi oil revenue 193 8-1993 (billions of dollars at current prices) 120 100 I

Figure 2.2 Growth in oil and non-oil sectors (annual real rates of growth in per cent) Years -.-Oil Sector (GDP) -.--Non-oil GDP -A-Private Sector -.- Government Sector Source: SAMA Annual Reports (1983, p. 71; 1984, p. 15 and 1991, p. 17).

Figure 3.1 Distribution loan by the S1DF from 1983 to 1991 1200 1000 {dD 800 600 0 0 400 200 0 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 Years Source: Ministiy of industry and

Fombrun, C. and Tichy, N. (1984) Strategic Human Resource Management. New York: Wiley.

Employee perceptions in multinational companies : a case study of the Saudi Arabian basic industries corporation.